When required, reference letters are a vital component of the medical school application process, since they introduce outsiders’ voices and opinions about you to admissions committees regarding your accomplishments and character. It is difficult to find a reference so spectacular that it elevates an otherwise lackluster profile. On the other hand, it is far more common to obtain a reference that may hurt a candidate’s chances of admission.

Since applicants have latitude to choose their own referees, medical schools expect them to be positive reviews. With this in mind, a reference letter that does not meet a certain standard will likely diminish your chances of admission. By thinking strategically about obtaining references, this requirement can serve to strengthen your application.

Cultivating and selecting referees strategically is crucial. We have found that many candidates overlook this aspect of the application at their peril, since it can significantly enhance your profile and serve to improve your prospects of admission when properly utilized, and do the opposite when neglected. By strategizing your referee selection and cultivation process, you will be more likely to receive glowing and effective letters of reference.

Ask in advance

It can take over a month from the time you approach a referee to the actual submission of the reference. With many teaching, research, and administrative responsibilities, professors generally need sufficient time to complete your request. Ask early, even as early as months in advance. Should you be uncertain whether a particular letter has been sent within a couple of weeks of the deadline, gently remind your referee of the relevant timeframe.

Plan backup references

Unfortunately, unforeseen and sometimes tragic events are part of life. Expect the unexpected by planning contingency references in case your original choices are unable to complete the task. If a referee falls ill or has extenuating personal circumstances, your application will not be compromised. Keep a short list of possible replacements, but do not ask them to write anything unless/until needed. Keep your backup options viable as long as you are able to, as intended referees may encounter problems at any time.

Get our advice, including:

• Who to Ask for a Reference
• How to Ask for a Reference
• More Tips on Letters of Reference